Phrasebook

em At the restaurant 1   »   pa ਰੈਸਟੋਰੈਂਟ ਵਿੱਚ 1

29 [twenty-nine]

At the restaurant 1

At the restaurant 1

29 [ਉਨੱਤੀ]

29 [Unatī]

ਰੈਸਟੋਰੈਂਟ ਵਿੱਚ 1

raisaṭōraiṇṭa vica 1

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Is this table taken? ਕੀ-ਇ--ਮੇਜ਼-ਖ-ਲ- ਹੈ? ਕੀ ਇ_ ਮੇ_ ਖਾ_ ਹੈ_ ਕ- ਇ- ਮ-ਜ਼ ਖ-ਲ- ਹ-? ------------------ ਕੀ ਇਹ ਮੇਜ਼ ਖਾਲੀ ਹੈ? 0
rai---ōr--ṇ-a-v-c--1 r____________ v___ 1 r-i-a-ō-a-ṇ-a v-c- 1 -------------------- raisaṭōraiṇṭa vica 1
I would like the menu, please. ਕ੍--ਪਾ----- ਮੈਨ-ੰ--ੈਨ- ਦੇਣ-। ਕ੍__ ਕ__ ਮੈ_ ਮੈ__ ਦੇ__ ਕ-ਰ-ਪ- ਕ-ਕ- ਮ-ਨ-ੰ ਮ-ਨ- ਦ-ਣ-। ---------------------------- ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਕਰਕੇ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਮੈਨਊ ਦੇਣਾ। 0
r---a-ō--i-ṭ-----a-1 r____________ v___ 1 r-i-a-ō-a-ṇ-a v-c- 1 -------------------- raisaṭōraiṇṭa vica 1
What would you recommend? ਤ-ਸ-ਂ ਕੀ--ਿ-ਾ-ਿਸ਼ -----ਦ--ਹੋ? ਤੁ_ ਕੀ ਸਿ___ ਕ_ ਸ__ ਹੋ_ ਤ-ਸ-ਂ ਕ- ਸ-ਫ-ਰ-ਸ਼ ਕ- ਸ-ਦ- ਹ-? ---------------------------- ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕੀ ਸਿਫਾਰਿਸ਼ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ? 0
kī i------a ---l---ai? k_ i__ m___ k____ h___ k- i-a m-z- k-ā-ī h-i- ---------------------- kī iha mēza khālī hai?
I’d like a beer. ਮੈ-ੂ-------ੀ-ਰ-ਚਾਹੀਦ--ਹ-। ਮੈ_ ਇੱ_ ਬੀ__ ਚਾ__ ਹੈ_ ਮ-ਨ-ੰ ਇ-ਕ ਬ-ਅ- ਚ-ਹ-ਦ- ਹ-। ------------------------- ਮੈਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਬੀਅਰ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ। 0
kī i---mē-- -hālī ha-? k_ i__ m___ k____ h___ k- i-a m-z- k-ā-ī h-i- ---------------------- kī iha mēza khālī hai?
I’d like a mineral water. ਮੈ--ੰ --- --ਨਰ- ---ਰ ਚ-ਹ-ਦਾ ਹ-। ਮੈ_ ਇੱ_ ਮਿ___ ਵਾ__ ਚਾ__ ਹੈ_ ਮ-ਨ-ੰ ਇ-ਕ ਮ-ਨ-ਲ ਵ-ਟ- ਚ-ਹ-ਦ- ਹ-। ------------------------------- ਮੈਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਮਿਨਰਲ ਵਾਟਰ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ। 0
kī-ih----z- ------ha-? k_ i__ m___ k____ h___ k- i-a m-z- k-ā-ī h-i- ---------------------- kī iha mēza khālī hai?
I’d like an orange juice. ਮ-ਨ-ੰ-ਇੱਕ-ਸ---ੇ ਦ- -ਸ-ਚ-ਹੀਦਾ ਹ-। ਮੈ_ ਇੱ_ ਸੰ__ ਦਾ ਰ_ ਚਾ__ ਹੈ_ ਮ-ਨ-ੰ ਇ-ਕ ਸ-ਤ-ੇ ਦ- ਰ- ਚ-ਹ-ਦ- ਹ-। -------------------------------- ਮੈਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਸੰਤਰੇ ਦਾ ਰਸ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ। 0
Kripā k--akē-mai-ū ma------d--ā. K____ k_____ m____ m______ d____ K-i-ā k-r-k- m-i-ū m-i-a-ū d-ṇ-. -------------------------------- Kripā karakē mainū maina'ū dēṇā.
I’d like a coffee. ਮ-ਨੂੰ--ੱ---ਾਫ- -ਾ-ੀ-----। ਮੈ_ ਇੱ_ ਕਾ_ ਚਾ__ ਹੈ_ ਮ-ਨ-ੰ ਇ-ਕ ਕ-ਫ- ਚ-ਹ-ਦ- ਹ-। ------------------------- ਮੈਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਕਾਫੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ। 0
T--īṁ------phā---a ---a-sa---- hō? T____ k_ s________ k___ s_____ h__ T-s-ṁ k- s-p-ā-i-a k-r- s-k-d- h-? ---------------------------------- Tusīṁ kī siphāriśa kara sakadē hō?
I’d like a coffee with milk. ਮੈ-ੂ- ਦੁ-ਧ-ਨਾਲ-ਇੱਕ--ਾ-- ਚ-ਹੀ-----। ਮੈ_ ਦੁੱ_ ਨਾ_ ਇੱ_ ਕਾ_ ਚਾ__ ਹੈ_ ਮ-ਨ-ੰ ਦ-ੱ- ਨ-ਲ ਇ-ਕ ਕ-ਫ- ਚ-ਹ-ਦ- ਹ-। ---------------------------------- ਮੈਨੂੰ ਦੁੱਧ ਨਾਲ ਇੱਕ ਕਾਫੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ। 0
Tusīṁ--- -ip---iśa-kar- s-ka-----? T____ k_ s________ k___ s_____ h__ T-s-ṁ k- s-p-ā-i-a k-r- s-k-d- h-? ---------------------------------- Tusīṁ kī siphāriśa kara sakadē hō?
With sugar, please. ਕ੍--ਪ--ਕ-ਕੇ--ਸ਼ੱ-ਰ--ਾ-। ਕ੍__ ਕ___ ਸ਼ੱ__ ਨਾ__ ਕ-ਰ-ਪ- ਕ-ਕ-, ਸ਼-ਕ- ਨ-ਲ- ---------------------- ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਕਰਕੇ, ਸ਼ੱਕਰ ਨਾਲ। 0
T--ī- -- ---hā-iś- --r- sak--ē---? T____ k_ s________ k___ s_____ h__ T-s-ṁ k- s-p-ā-i-a k-r- s-k-d- h-? ---------------------------------- Tusīṁ kī siphāriśa kara sakadē hō?
I’d like a tea. ਮੈ--ੂ--ਇ-ਕ---ਹ-ਚ-ਹ--- --। ਮੈਂ_ ਇੱ_ ਚਾ_ ਚਾ__ ਹੈ_ ਮ-ਂ-ੂ- ਇ-ਕ ਚ-ਹ ਚ-ਹ-ਦ- ਹ-। ------------------------- ਮੈਂਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਚਾਹ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ। 0
M-i---ika-bī'-r- -ā-ī----ai. M____ i__ b_____ c_____ h___ M-i-ū i-a b-'-r- c-h-d- h-i- ---------------------------- Mainū ika bī'ara cāhīdī hai.
I’d like a tea with lemon. ਮੈਨ-ੰ -ੀਂਬ- ਨ---ਇ-- -ਾਹ ਚ-ਹ--ੀ ਹ-। ਮੈ_ ਨੀਂ_ ਨਾ_ ਇੱ_ ਚਾ_ ਚਾ__ ਹੈ_ ਮ-ਨ-ੰ ਨ-ਂ-ੂ ਨ-ਲ ਇ-ਕ ਚ-ਹ ਚ-ਹ-ਦ- ਹ-। ---------------------------------- ਮੈਨੂੰ ਨੀਂਬੂ ਨਾਲ ਇੱਕ ਚਾਹ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ। 0
M---ū--k--m----a-a --ṭ--a-----d----i. M____ i__ m_______ v_____ c_____ h___ M-i-ū i-a m-n-r-l- v-ṭ-r- c-h-d- h-i- ------------------------------------- Mainū ika minarala vāṭara cāhīdā hai.
I’d like a tea with milk. ਮ-ਨੂ---ੁੱਧ---ਲ-ਇੱ- ਚ-ਹ-ਚਾ--ਦ- ਹੈ। ਮੈ_ ਦੁੱ_ ਨਾ_ ਇੱ_ ਚਾ_ ਚਾ__ ਹੈ_ ਮ-ਨ-ੰ ਦ-ੱ- ਨ-ਲ ਇ-ਕ ਚ-ਹ ਚ-ਹ-ਦ- ਹ-। --------------------------------- ਮੈਨੂੰ ਦੁੱਧ ਨਾਲ ਇੱਕ ਚਾਹ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ। 0
Main----a mi-ar--a----ar-----ī-- hai. M____ i__ m_______ v_____ c_____ h___ M-i-ū i-a m-n-r-l- v-ṭ-r- c-h-d- h-i- ------------------------------------- Mainū ika minarala vāṭara cāhīdā hai.
Do you have cigarettes? ਕ- ----ਡੇ--ੋ---ਿ--ਟ-ਹ-? ਕੀ ਤੁ__ ਕੋ_ ਸਿ___ ਹੈ_ ਕ- ਤ-ਹ-ਡ- ਕ-ਲ ਸ-ਗ-ਟ ਹ-? ----------------------- ਕੀ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਕੋਲ ਸਿਗਰਟ ਹੈ? 0
M--n--ika mi--r--- --ṭa-a---hī-ā --i. M____ i__ m_______ v_____ c_____ h___ M-i-ū i-a m-n-r-l- v-ṭ-r- c-h-d- h-i- ------------------------------------- Mainū ika minarala vāṭara cāhīdā hai.
Do you have an ashtray? ਕੀ----ਾ-ੇ-ਕ-- -ਾ-ਦ--- ਹ-? ਕੀ ਤੁ__ ਕੋ_ ਰਾ___ ਹੈ_ ਕ- ਤ-ਹ-ਡ- ਕ-ਲ ਰ-ਖ-ਾ-ੀ ਹ-? ------------------------- ਕੀ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਕੋਲ ਰਾਖਦਾਨੀ ਹੈ? 0
M---ū ik- sa-a-- dā--asa-cāhīdā hai. M____ i__ s_____ d_ r___ c_____ h___ M-i-ū i-a s-t-r- d- r-s- c-h-d- h-i- ------------------------------------ Mainū ika satarē dā rasa cāhīdā hai.
Do you have a light? ਕੀ ਤੁ-ਾਡੇ ਕੋ-----ਗਾਉ- ਲ- ----ਹੈ? ਕੀ ਤੁ__ ਕੋ_ ਸੁ____ ਲ_ ਕੁ_ ਹੈ_ ਕ- ਤ-ਹ-ਡ- ਕ-ਲ ਸ-ਲ-ਾ-ਣ ਲ- ਕ-ਛ ਹ-? -------------------------------- ਕੀ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਕੋਲ ਸੁਲਗਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਕੁਛ ਹੈ? 0
M---ū-i-a-s-tar---ā r--a -ā--------. M____ i__ s_____ d_ r___ c_____ h___ M-i-ū i-a s-t-r- d- r-s- c-h-d- h-i- ------------------------------------ Mainū ika satarē dā rasa cāhīdā hai.
I’m missing a fork. ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ-ਕ---- ਨ-ੀਂ --। ਮੇ_ ਕੋ_ ਕਾਂ_ ਨ_ ਹੈ_ ਮ-ਰ- ਕ-ਲ ਕ-ਂ-ਾ ਨ-ੀ- ਹ-। ----------------------- ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਕਾਂਟਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ। 0
M--nū--------arē d- r--- -āh-d--hai. M____ i__ s_____ d_ r___ c_____ h___ M-i-ū i-a s-t-r- d- r-s- c-h-d- h-i- ------------------------------------ Mainū ika satarē dā rasa cāhīdā hai.
I’m missing a knife. ਮੇਰੇ--ੋਲ---ਰ----ੀਂ-ਹ-। ਮੇ_ ਕੋ_ ਛੁ_ ਨ_ ਹੈ_ ਮ-ਰ- ਕ-ਲ ਛ-ਰ- ਨ-ੀ- ਹ-। ---------------------- ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਛੁਰੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ। 0
Ma--ū ------phī--ā---ī -a-. M____ i__ k____ c_____ h___ M-i-ū i-a k-p-ī c-h-d- h-i- --------------------------- Mainū ika kāphī cāhīdī hai.
I’m missing a spoon. ਮ-ਰ--ਕੋਲ--ਮ-ਾ---ੀ---ੈ। ਮੇ_ ਕੋ_ ਚ__ ਨ_ ਹੈ_ ਮ-ਰ- ਕ-ਲ ਚ-ਚ- ਨ-ੀ- ਹ-। ---------------------- ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਚਮਚਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ। 0
Ma--- -k- k--hī-c--īdī--ai. M____ i__ k____ c_____ h___ M-i-ū i-a k-p-ī c-h-d- h-i- --------------------------- Mainū ika kāphī cāhīdī hai.

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Grammar prevents lies!

Every language has particular features. But some also have characteristics that are unique worldwide. Among these languages is Trio. Trio is a Native American language in South America. Around 2,000 people in Brazil and Suriname speak it. What makes Trio special is its grammar. Because it forces its speakers to always tell the truth. The so-called frustrative ending is responsible for this. This ending is added to verbs in Trio. It indicates how true a sentence is. A simple example explains how exactly it works. Let's take the sentence The child went to school. In Trio, the speaker has to add a certain ending onto the verb. Through the ending he is able to communicate whether he saw the child himself. But he can also express that he only knows it from speaking to others. Or he says through the ending that he knows it's a lie. So the speaker has to commit to what he is saying. Meaning, he must communicate how true a statement is. In this way he cannot keep anything a secret or sugarcoat anything. If a Trio speaker leaves the ending off, he is deemed a liar. In Suriname the official language is Dutch. Translations from Dutch into Trio are often problematic. Because most languages are much less precise. They make it possible for the speakers to be vague. Therefore, interpreters don't always commit to what they are saying. The communication with Trio speakers is thereby difficult. Perhaps the frustrative ending would be helpful in other languages too!? Not only in the language of politics…
Did you know?
Macedonian is the native language of around 2 million people. It is counted among the South Slavic languages. It is most closely related to Bulgarian. Speakers of both languages can communicate with each other easily. The two languages differ from each other more in their written forms. There have always been many different ethnic groups in Macedonia. Naturally, this is also apparent in the vernacular. It has been influenced by numerous other languages. The neighboring country of Serbia has especially influenced the Macedonian language. The vocabulary contains many terms from Russian, Turkish, and English. Such linguistic variety does not exist in many countries. That is why it has been difficult for Macedonian to establish itself as its own language. Macedonian literature has especially suffered from this situation. Macedonian is now considered an established standard language. For this reason, it is an important part of the Macedonian identity.