Phrasebook

em Big – small   »   ad ины – цIыкIу

68 [sixty-eight]

Big – small

Big – small

68 [тIокIищрэ ирэ]

68 [tIokIishhrje irje]

ины – цIыкIу

iny – cIykIu

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big and small ины---Iи-----Iу и__ ы___ ц_____ и-ы ы-I- ц-ы-I- --------------- ины ыкIи цIыкIу 0
i-y --c--kIu i__ – c_____ i-y – c-y-I- ------------ iny – cIykIu
The elephant is big. Пылыр-ин-. П____ и___ П-л-р и-ы- ---------- Пылыр ины. 0
i-y –--Iy-Iu i__ – c_____ i-y – c-y-I- ------------ iny – cIykIu
The mouse is small. Цыг----цIы---. Ц_____ ц______ Ц-г-о- ц-ы-I-. -------------- Цыгъор цIыкIу. 0
i-y -kI- c--k-u i__ y___ c_____ i-y y-I- c-y-I- --------------- iny ykIi cIykIu
dark and bright ш------ы-----эф--(-эф--) ш_____ ы___ н___ (______ ш-у-к- ы-I- н-ф- (-э-ы-) ------------------------ шIункI ыкIи нэфы (нэфын) 0
in---k-- c-y-Iu i__ y___ c_____ i-y y-I- c-y-I- --------------- iny ykIi cIykIu
The night is dark. Ч--ыр --ун--. Ч____ ш______ Ч-щ-р ш-у-к-. ------------- Чэщыр шIункI. 0
in- -k-----y--u i__ y___ c_____ i-y y-I- c-y-I- --------------- iny ykIi cIykIu
The day is bright. М-фэр -э--н. М____ н_____ М-ф-р н-ф-н- ------------ Мафэр нэфын. 0
Py-yr-in-. P____ i___ P-l-r i-y- ---------- Pylyr iny.
old and young ж-ы----- -Iэ ж__ ы___ к__ ж-ы ы-I- к-э ------------ жъы ыкIи кIэ 0
P-----iny. P____ i___ P-l-r i-y- ---------- Pylyr iny.
Our grandfather is very old. Титат--жъ----д. Т_____ ж__ д___ Т-т-т- ж-ы д-д- --------------- Титатэ жъы дэд. 0
P--y- i-y. P____ i___ P-l-r i-y- ---------- Pylyr iny.
70 years ago he was still young. Ил-э- 70---к-- у--кI--эб--ьм-- а- д---и н----ы-----. И____ 7_______ у______________ а_ д____ н___________ И-ъ-с 7---э-I- у-э-I-I-б-ж-м-, а- д-ы-и н-б-ь-к-а-ъ- ---------------------------------------------------- Илъэс 70-рэкIэ узэкIэIэбэжьмэ, ар джыри ныбжьыкIагъ. 0
C---r-cIy-Iu. C____ c______ C-g-r c-y-I-. ------------- Cygor cIykIu.
beautiful and ugly д--э -кIи Iае д___ ы___ I__ д-х- ы-I- I-е ------------- дахэ ыкIи Iае 0
C-g-r-c-----. C____ c______ C-g-r c-y-I-. ------------- Cygor cIykIu.
The butterfly is beautiful. ХьампI---шъор -а--. Х____________ д____ Х-а-п-ы-а-ъ-р д-х-. ------------------- ХьампIырашъор дахэ. 0
C--or cI---u. C____ c______ C-g-r c-y-I-. ------------- Cygor cIykIu.
The spider is ugly. Б-дж-р-Iае. Б_____ I___ Б-д-ы- I-е- ----------- Бэджыр Iае. 0
s-Iunk--y-------f---nj----) s______ y___ n____ (_______ s-I-n-I y-I- n-e-y (-j-f-n- --------------------------- shIunkI ykIi njefy (njefyn)
fat and thin п-э- ы--- -д п___ ы___ о_ п-э- ы-I- о- ------------ пщэр ыкIи од 0
shIu------Ii -j--y-(nje-y-) s______ y___ n____ (_______ s-I-n-I y-I- n-e-y (-j-f-n- --------------------------- shIunkI ykIi njefy (njefyn)
A woman who weighs a hundred kilos is fat. Бзыл-фыг-э------г--м-ш-- --эзы-э-р----щэр. Б__________ к___________ к__________ п____ Б-ы-ъ-ы-ъ-у к-л-г-а-и-ъ- к-э-ы-э-р-р п-э-. ------------------------------------------ Бзылъфыгъэу килограмишъэ къэзыщэчрэр пщэр. 0
s----kI ykI- -je-- (--e-y-) s______ y___ n____ (_______ s-I-n-I y-I- n-e-y (-j-f-n- --------------------------- shIunkI ykIi njefy (njefyn)
A man who weighs fifty kilos is thin. Хъ-лъ-ыгъэ- ---ог-а-м--ъ--ыкъ--къэ-ы-э-рэ- о-. Х__________ к________ ш_______ к__________ о__ Х-у-ъ-ы-ъ-у к-л-г-а-м ш-э-ы-ъ- к-э-ы-э-р-р о-. ---------------------------------------------- Хъулъфыгъэу килограмм шъэныкъо къэзыщэчрэр од. 0
Ch-es--y----Iu---. C________ s_______ C-j-s-h-r s-I-n-I- ------------------ Chjeshhyr shIunkI.
expensive and cheap л-а-Iэ-ык---п-ут л_____ ы___ п___ л-а-I- ы-I- п-у- ---------------- лъапIэ ыкIи пыут 0
Chjes---r---Iu---. C________ s_______ C-j-s-h-r s-I-n-I- ------------------ Chjeshhyr shIunkI.
The car is expensive. М-шин-р-лъа---. М______ л______ М-ш-н-р л-а-I-. --------------- Машинэр лъапIэ. 0
Ch-esh-yr -h---k-. C________ s_______ C-j-s-h-r s-I-n-I- ------------------ Chjeshhyr shIunkI.
The newspaper is cheap. Гъэ----р--ы-т. Г_______ п____ Г-э-е-ы- п-у-. -------------- Гъэзетыр пыут. 0
M-fj-r nj-fyn. M_____ n______ M-f-e- n-e-y-. -------------- Mafjer njefyn.

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Code-switching

More and more people are growing up bilingual. They can speak more than one language. Many of these people often switch languages. They decide which language to use depending on the situation. For example, they speak a different language at work than at home. By doing so, they adapt themselves to their environment. But there is also the possibility of switching languages spontaneously. This phenomenon is called code-switching . In code-switching, the language gets switched in the middle of speaking. There could be many reasons why speakers switch languages. Often, they don't find the appropriate word in one language. They can express themselves better in the other language. It can also be that the speaker feels more confident in one of the languages. They use this language for private or personal things. Sometimes a certain word doesn't exist in a language. In this case the speaker must switch languages. Or they switch languages so that they aren't understood. In that case code-switching works like a secret language. Earlier, mixing languages was criticized. It was thought that the speaker couldn't speak either language correctly. Today it is viewed differently. Code-switching is recognized as a special linguistic competence. It can be interesting to observe speakers using code-switching. Often, they don't just switch the language they're speaking. Other communicative elements change as well. Many speak faster, louder or more accentuated in the other language. Or they suddenly use more gestures and facial expressions. In this way, code-switching is always a little bit of culture-switching too…