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em Past tense 3   »   ar ‫صيغة الماضي 3‬

83 [eighty-three]

Past tense 3

Past tense 3

‫83 [ثلاثة وثمانون]

83 [thlathat wathamanun]

‫صيغة الماضي 3‬

ṣīghat al-māḍī 3

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to make a call ي-ا--. ي_____ ي-ا-ف- ------ يهاتف. 0
yu-ā-if y______ y-h-t-f ------- yuhātif
I made a call. لقد-أ-ريت-م-ال-- هاتفية. ل__ أ____ م_____ ه______ ل-د أ-ر-ت م-ا-م- ه-ت-ي-. ------------------------ لقد أجريت مكالمة هاتفية. 0
l-qa-----ay---mu---a--h---ti-i--a-. l____ a______ m________ h__________ l-q-d a-r-y-u m-k-l-m-h h-t-f-y-a-. ----------------------------------- laqad ajraytu mukālamah hātifiyyah.
I was talking on the phone all the time. كن----ى---ه--ف--و-- --و--. ك__ ع__ ا_____ ط___ ا_____ ك-ت ع-ى ا-ه-ت- ط-ا- ا-و-ت- -------------------------- كنت على الهاتف طوال الوقت. 0
k---u --lā-a---------ū-a-a--wa-t. k____ ‘___ a_______ ṭ___ a_______ k-n-u ‘-l- a---ā-i- ṭ-l- a---a-t- --------------------------------- kuntu ‘alā al-hātif ṭūla al-waqt.
to ask يس-ل. ي____ ي-أ-. ----- يسأل. 0
yas-al y_____ y-s-a- ------ yas’al
I asked. ‫-د-س---. ‫__ س____ ‫-د س-ل-. --------- ‫قد سألت. 0
q-d--a---t. q__ s______ q-d s-’-l-. ----------- qad sa’alt.
I always asked. ‫كن--دا-م-ً أس-ل. ‫___ د____ أ____ ‫-ن- د-ئ-ا- أ-أ-. ----------------- ‫كنت دائماً أسأل. 0
kunt- dā-i--- --’a-. k____ d______ a_____ k-n-u d-’-m-n a-’-l- -------------------- kuntu dā’iman as’al.
to narrate ي-ك----يخ-ر----ر--. ي___ / ي___ / ي____ ي-ك- / ي-ب- / ي-و-. ------------------- يحكي / يخبر / يروي. 0
yaḥkī / -u----- - ---wī y____ / y______ / y____ y-ḥ-ī / y-k-b-r / y-r-ī ----------------------- yaḥkī / yukhbir / yarwī
I narrated. لق-----. ل__ ق___ ل-د ق-ت- -------- لقد قلت. 0
la-ad-q-lta. l____ q_____ l-q-d q-l-a- ------------ laqad qulta.
I narrated the whole story. ل-- أخ--ت ا-ق-- ----ة. ل__ أ____ ا____ ك_____ ل-د أ-ب-ت ا-ق-ة ك-م-ة- ---------------------- لقد أخبرت القصة كاملة. 0
l-qad a-hbarta -----ṣ-a--------h. l____ a_______ a________ k_______ l-q-d a-h-a-t- a---i-ṣ-h k-m-l-h- --------------------------------- laqad akhbarta al-qiṣṣah kāmilah.
to study ي-ع-م-/-----ر-/-يد-س. ي____ / ي____ / ي____ ي-ع-م / ي-ا-ر / ي-ر-. --------------------- يتعلم / يذاكر / يدرس. 0
y-t---ll-m-/ y--hāk-- / -adr-s y_________ / y_______ / y_____ y-t-‘-l-a- / y-d-ā-i- / y-d-u- ------------------------------ yata‘allam / yudhākir / yadrus
I studied. أ---در-ت أ__ د___ أ-ا د-س- -------- أنا درست 0
a-- d--a---. a__ d_______ a-a d-r-s-u- ------------ ana darastu.
I studied the whole evening. ‫-----رس--ط-لة -لم-اء. ‫___ د___ ط___ ا______ ‫-ق- د-س- ط-ل- ا-م-ا-. ---------------------- ‫لقد درست طيلة المساء. 0
laq-d---r-s----ūl -l-m-s--. l____ d______ ṭ__ a________ l-q-d d-r-s-u ṭ-l a---a-ā-. --------------------------- laqad darastu ṭūl al-masā’.
to work ع-ل ع__ ع-ل --- عمل 0
y---al y_____ y-‘-a- ------ ya‘mal
I worked. لق--ع---. ل__ ع____ ل-د ع-ل-. --------- لقد عملت. 0
l-qad ‘am--t-. l____ ‘_______ l-q-d ‘-m-l-u- -------------- laqad ‘amiltu.
I worked all day long. ل-- ع-لت طوال-ا-يوم. ل__ ع___ ط___ ا_____ ل-د ع-ل- ط-ا- ا-ي-م- -------------------- لقد عملت طوال اليوم. 0
laq-d--a-i-tu ---- ---ya--. l____ ‘______ ṭ___ a_______ l-q-d ‘-m-l-u ṭ-l- a---a-m- --------------------------- laqad ‘amiltu ṭūla al-yawm.
to eat يأ-ل ي___ ي-ك- ---- يأكل 0
ya’--l y_____ y-’-u- ------ ya’kul
I ate. لق- -كل-. ل__ أ____ ل-د أ-ل-. --------- لقد أكلت. 0
la-a- a---tu. l____ a______ l-q-d a-a-t-. ------------- laqad akaltu.
I ate all the food. لق--أ--ت -ل-ال-عام. ل__ أ___ ك_ ا______ ل-د أ-ل- ك- ا-ط-ا-. ------------------- لقد أكلت كل الطعام. 0
l---- a-al-u k-l-a---a-ām. l____ a_____ k__ a________ l-q-d a-a-t- k-l a---a-ā-. -------------------------- laqad akaltu kul al-ṭa‘ām.

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The history of linguistics

Languages have always fascinated mankind. The history of linguistics is therefore very long. Linguistics is the systematic study of language. Even thousands of years ago people contemplated language. In doing so, different cultures developed different systems. As a result, different descriptions of languages emerged. Today's linguistics are based on ancient theories more than anything else. Many traditions were established in Greece in particular. The oldest known work about language comes from India, however. It was written 3,000 years ago by the grammarian Sakatayana. In ancient times, philosophers like Plato busied themselves with languages. Later, Roman authors developed their theories further. Arabians, too, developed their own traditions in the 8th century. Even then, their works show precise descriptions of the Arabian language. In modern times, man particularly wanted to research where language comes from. Scholars were especially interested in the history of language. In the 18th century, people started to compare languages with each other. They wanted to understand how languages develop. Later they concentrated on languages as a system. The question of how languages function was the focal point. Today, a great number of schools of thought exist within linguistics. Many new disciplines have developed since the fifties. These were in part strongly influenced by other sciences. Examples are psycholinguistics or intercultural communication. The newer linguistic schools of thought are very specialized. One example of this is feminist linguistics. So the history of linguistics continues… As long as there are languages, man will contemplate them!