Phrasebook

en At the restaurant 4   »   ad Рестораным 4

32 [thirty-two]

At the restaurant 4

At the restaurant 4

32 [щэкIырэ тIурэ]

32 [shhjekIyrje tIurje]

Рестораным 4

Restoranym 4

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I’d like chips / French fries (am.) with ketchup. Сэ -ар--ш-- гъэж-агъ---ет----и-ъ-с-у -- I-хьэ сы-ай. С_ к_______ г________ к_____ и______ з_ I____ с_____ С- к-р-о-к- г-э-ъ-г-э к-т-у- и-ъ-с-у з- I-х-э с-ф-й- ---------------------------------------------------- Сэ картошкэ гъэжъагъэ кетчуп игъусэу зы Iахьэ сыфай. 0
R--to-an-- 4 R_________ 4 R-s-o-a-y- 4 ------------ Restoranym 4
And two with mayonnaise. Ы-I--I----т-- ---о--- --ъу---. Ы___ I_______ м______ и_______ Ы-I- I-х-и-I- м-й-н-з и-ъ-с-у- ------------------------------ ЫкIи IахьитIу майонез игъусэу. 0
R-s--r--y- 4 R_________ 4 R-s-o-a-y- 4 ------------ Restoranym 4
And three sausages with mustard. Ык-и I-хь-щ-соси----гъэ---гъэ -орчицэ --ъу--у. Ы___ I_____ с______ г________ г______ и_______ Ы-I- I-х-и- с-с-с-э г-э-ъ-г-э г-р-и-э и-ъ-с-у- ---------------------------------------------- ЫкIи Iахьищ сосискэ гъэжъагъэ горчицэ игъусэу. 0
Sj---artos-k-- g-ezh-gj- ---chu- i----eu -- Ia-'------a-. S__ k_________ g________ k______ i______ z_ I_____ s_____ S-e k-r-o-h-j- g-e-h-g-e k-t-h-p i-u-j-u z- I-h-j- s-f-j- --------------------------------------------------------- Sje kartoshkje gjezhagje ketchup igusjeu zy Iah'je syfaj.
What vegetables do you have? Сыд-ф-д---этэрыкI-а --у---хэр? С__ ф___ х_________ ш_________ С-д ф-д- х-т-р-к-х- ш-у-I-х-р- ------------------------------ Сыд фэдэ хэтэрыкIха шъуиIэхэр? 0
Yk---I--'---u m---nez ---s-e-. Y___ I_______ m______ i_______ Y-I- I-h-i-I- m-j-n-z i-u-j-u- ------------------------------ YkIi Iah'itIu majonez igusjeu.
Do you have beans? Д-э-ч-ш-уи--? Д____ ш______ Д-э-ч ш-у-I-? ------------- Джэнч шъуиIа? 0
Y--- --h--s-h-sosi-----gje-h-gj--g-----c-e-i---je-. Y___ I_______ s_______ g________ g________ i_______ Y-I- I-h-i-h- s-s-s-j- g-e-h-g-e g-r-h-c-e i-u-j-u- --------------------------------------------------- YkIi Iah'ishh sosiskje gjezhagje gorchicje igusjeu.
Do you have cauliflower? Къ---скъ--ф--- ж-гъ---б------Iа? К________ ф___ ж________ ш______ К-э-э-к-э ф-ж- ж-г-ы-ы-э ш-у-I-? -------------------------------- Къэбэскъэ фыжь жъгъырыбэ шъуиIа? 0
S-- fjed-e h---j-ry--ha -hu-I--hjer? S__ f_____ h___________ s___________ S-d f-e-j- h-e-j-r-k-h- s-u-I-e-j-r- ------------------------------------ Syd fjedje hjetjerykIha shuiIjehjer?
I like to eat (sweet) corn. Сэ-----ы- с-хын-у-с---а-. С_ н_____ с______ с______ С- н-т-ы- с-х-н-у с-к-а-. ------------------------- Сэ натрыф сшхынэу сикIас. 0
Sy--f-edj- -j-tjer-k-ha---u-------r? S__ f_____ h___________ s___________ S-d f-e-j- h-e-j-r-k-h- s-u-I-e-j-r- ------------------------------------ Syd fjedje hjetjerykIha shuiIjehjer?
I like to eat cucumber. Сэ ---э-эг---ш-ынэу ----ас. С_ н_______ с______ с______ С- н-ш-б-г- с-х-н-у с-к-а-. --------------------------- Сэ нэшэбэгу сшхынэу сикIас. 0
Syd----d-e hj-t--ry---- s-u------er? S__ f_____ h___________ s___________ S-d f-e-j- h-e-j-r-k-h- s-u-I-e-j-r- ------------------------------------ Syd fjedje hjetjerykIha shuiIjehjer?
I like to eat tomatoes. Сэ-п----о--с-хы--у с-кI-с. С_ п______ с______ с______ С- п-м-д-р с-х-н-у с-к-а-. -------------------------- Сэ помидор сшхынэу сикIас. 0
Dz--en-h--huiIa? D_______ s______ D-h-e-c- s-u-I-? ---------------- Dzhjench shuiIa?
Do you also like to eat leek? О----жь-н--Iын- --х---у -икI---? О__ б____ ц____ п______ у_______ О-и б-ь-н ц-ы-э п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- -------------------------------- Ори бжьын цIынэ пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
D------- -----a? D_______ s______ D-h-e-c- s-u-I-? ---------------- Dzhjench shuiIa?
Do you also like to eat sauerkraut? О-и-к-э--скъ--шI--у -шх---у -ик-ас-? О__ к________ ш____ п______ у_______ О-и к-э-э-к-э ш-о-у п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ------------------------------------ Ори къэбэскъэ шIоIу пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
D---en-h---uiIa? D_______ s______ D-h-e-c- s-u-I-? ---------------- Dzhjench shuiIa?
Do you also like to eat lentils? О----ж--ч-хъу--е -Iу-кIэ-пш-ы--у--и-Iас-? О__ д____ х_____ п______ п______ у_______ О-и д-э-ч х-у-э- п-у-к-э п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ----------------------------------------- Ори джэнч хъурэе пIуакIэ пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
K-ebj----- --z-- -h---y--e-s---I-? K_________ f____ z________ s______ K-e-j-s-j- f-z-' z-g-r-b-e s-u-I-? ---------------------------------- Kjebjeskje fyzh' zhgyrybje shuiIa?
Do you also like to eat carrots? Ор- -х-ы п-х-нэ--у--I-с-? О__ п___ п______ у_______ О-и п-ъ- п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ------------------------- Ори пхъы пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
Sje-na-ryf----hyn-eu --k-a-. S__ n_____ s________ s______ S-e n-t-y- s-h-y-j-u s-k-a-. ---------------------------- Sje natryf sshhynjeu sikIas.
Do you also like to eat broccoli? Ор---ъ----к-э шхъо-т-- ж-гъ-р--э--ш--нэ--у-к-а-а? О__ к________ ш_______ ж________ п______ у_______ О-и к-э-э-к-э ш-ъ-н-I- ж-г-ы-ы-э п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ------------------------------------------------- Ори къэбэскъэ шхъонтIэ жъгъырыбэ пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
Sj- -atryf-ssh-ynj-u ---Ia-. S__ n_____ s________ s______ S-e n-t-y- s-h-y-j-u s-k-a-. ---------------------------- Sje natryf sshhynjeu sikIas.
Do you also like to eat peppers? Ор--щы-жьый ---ын-у у---а-а? О__ щ______ п______ у_______ О-и щ-б-ь-й п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ---------------------------- Ори щыбжьый пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
Sje---tr-f s-h--n----si-I--. S__ n_____ s________ s______ S-e n-t-y- s-h-y-j-u s-k-a-. ---------------------------- Sje natryf sshhynjeu sikIas.
I don’t like onions. С---ж-ын---к---э-. С_ б____ с________ С- б-ь-н с-к-а-э-. ------------------ Сэ бжьын сикIасэп. 0
S-e njes---bj--u -s--y-jeu s---a-. S__ n___________ s________ s______ S-e n-e-h-e-j-g- s-h-y-j-u s-k-a-. ---------------------------------- Sje njeshjebjegu sshhynjeu sikIas.
I don’t like olives. С- о-и-э -икI-с--. С_ о____ с________ С- о-и-э с-к-а-э-. ------------------ Сэ оливэ сикIасэп. 0
Sj- nj--h--b--gu -s----j---------. S__ n___________ s________ s______ S-e n-e-h-e-j-g- s-h-y-j-u s-k-a-. ---------------------------------- Sje njeshjebjegu sshhynjeu sikIas.
I don’t like mushrooms. С--х-----эр -икIас--. С_ х_______ с________ С- х-а-у-э- с-к-а-э-. --------------------- Сэ хьаIухэр сикIасэп. 0
Sje---esh-ebj--- ---h-nje- sikIa-. S__ n___________ s________ s______ S-e n-e-h-e-j-g- s-h-y-j-u s-k-a-. ---------------------------------- Sje njeshjebjegu sshhynjeu sikIas.

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Tonal Languages

Most of all the languages spoken worldwide are tonal languages. With tonal languages, the pitch of the tones is crucial. They determine what meaning words or syllables have. Thus, the tone belongs firmly to the word. Most of the languages spoken in Asia are tonal languages. For example, Chinese, Thai and Vietnamese. There are also various tonal languages in Africa. Many indigenous languages in America are tonal languages as well. Indo-European languages mostly contain only tonal elements. This applies to Swedish or Serbian, for example. The number of tone pitches is varied in individual languages. Four different tones are distinguishable in Chinese. With this, the syllable ma can have four meanings. They are mother, hemp, horse and to rant . Interestingly, tonal languages also impact our hearing. Studies on absolute hearing have shown this. Absolute hearing is the ability to identify heard tones accurately. Absolute hearing occurs very rarely in Europe and North America. Fewer than 1 in 10,000 people have it. It's different with native speakers of Chinese. Here, 9 times as many people have this special ability. We all had absolute hearing when we were infants. We used it to learn to speak correctly. Unfortunately, most people lose it later on. The pitch of tones is also important in music. This is especially true for cultures that speak a tonal language. They must adhere to the melody very precisely. Otherwise a beautiful love song comes out as an absurd song!
Did you know?
Punjabi is counted among the Indo-Iranian languages. It is spoken natively by 130 million people. The majority of those people live in Pakistan. However, it is also spoken in the Indian state of Punjab. Punjabi is hardly ever used as a written language in Pakistan. It is different in India because there the language holds an official status. Punjabi is written in its own script. It also has a very long literary tradition. Texts have been found that are almost 1000 years old. Punjabi is also very interesting from a phonological point of view. This is because it is a tonal language. In tonal languages, the pitch of the accented syllable changes their meaning. In Punjabi, the accented syllable can take on three different pitches. That is very unusual for Indo-European languages. That makes Punjabi that much more appealing!